P0731 - causes for OBD codes P0731 and P0732 (1st & 2cnd gear ratio incorrect) on a 2005 Ford F150 FX4 with only 39,000 miles.happened out of the blue under reg driving and have had no previous noises,slips,faults ect. Answered in 14 minutes by: Ford Mechanic: Steve S. Steve S. Ask Your Own Ford Question.

 
7603 posts · Joined 2006. #12 · Sep 2, 2018. 'incorrect ratio' could be any number of things including the solenoid valve pack, or slipping clutches. The exact cause is not so easy to identify. A sharp transmission tech may be of help, but sometimes a teardown is needed.. Making a jeopardy game

Causes for this P0791 engine code may include: Defective or damaged Intermediate shaft speed sensor. Electrical fault in the wires between the speed sensor and modules used. Internal ECM and/or TCM issue. Other related sensors/solenoids damaged or defective (i.e.: Input shaft speed sensor, Output shaft sensor, Shift solenoid etc.)causes for OBD codes P0731 and P0732 (1st & 2cnd gear ratio incorrect) on a 2005 Ford F150 FX4 with only 39,000 miles.happened out of the blue under reg driving and have had no previous noises,slips,faults ect. Answered in 14 minutes by: Ford Mechanic: Steve S. Steve S. Ask Your Own Ford Question.Summary. The P0732 code stands for “Gear 2 Incorrect Ratio.”. It’s typically logged in automatic transmission vehicles to indicate issues shifting into or driving in 2nd gear. Some causes of the code are internal transmission failure, valve body issues, and low transmission fluid levels. An illuminated check engine light, delayed shifting ...Some of the best Windows themes are hidden on your PC. Windows themes offer a unique mix of wallpapers, sounds, and colors to switch between. Many of them come by default, and ther...Jan 6, 2010 ... Single digit temps took the tranny a long time to warm up but I didn't feel anything out of the ordinary and after I cleared P0731 and p0700 ...Te suministramos todo lo que necesitas saber sobre el código DTC P0731 Descripción, causas, síntomas y posibles soluciones. LEER SOLUCIÓN DEL CÓDIGO O...If you're expecting a large tax obligation come tax time, you may want to make changes to your W-4 to allow for a flat amount to be withheld from every pay check. Filling out your ...Noticed that my truck seemed to be slipping in first gear. More evident when I was a little harder on the gas, would accelerate normal to about 3000rpm then jump to about 5000rpm before shifting to second. Check engine light came on and only code that is showing is P0731. Anybody else had this issue?The P0757 fault code is triggered when the ECM (Engine Control Module) detects a mechanical issue with the solenoid energized, specifically a stuck valve. This code indicates a problem with the shift solenoid B, which is responsible for controlling the hydraulic pressure in the transmission. When the solenoid is stuck, it can cause issues with ...Dec 13, 2021 · P0731 - Rapporto marcia 1 errato. P0731 - Gear 1 Incorrect Ratio. Questo codice di errore diagnostico (DTC) è un codice powertrain OBD-II generico. È considerato generico perché si applica a tutte le marche e modelli di veicoli (dal 1996 in poi), sebbene i passaggi di riparazione specifici possano variare a seconda del modello. p1781 is manufacturer control transmission, p0731 is gear 1 ratio incorrect, p1784 is manufacturer control transmission, p0700 is trans, control system malfunction. all of these codes refer to tranny.This code normally points to a faulty transmission control module, but this is an expensive part and you should have an experienced Dodge …DTCs P0720, P0722, P0731 and/or P1500 stored in the PCM, and present in an IDS session file and/or similar (such as a computer scan from Auto Zone, etc.). Refunds without the proper documentation should not be approved. • If an affected vehicle has transmission-related concerns and DTCs P0720, P0722, P0731 and/or P1500Humans have made it to the moon a number of times so we know how long the journey should take. But sometimes it may be much faster than that. Advertisement Shining brightly overhea...P0731コードの意味. 自動変速機は、運転者の加速および減速パターンを検出し、その情報を用いてエンジンの最良のトルクおよび動力特性を適合させて適切なギアを選択するように設計されている。. P0731コードは、PCMが最初のギヤの入力RPMセンサと ...P0731 Chrysler Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Definition, Causes and DiagnosisThe P0734 code stands for “Gear 4 Incorrect Ratio.”. It’s logged when the PCM detects that the RPM of your input speed sensor doesn’t match the expected RPM in 4th gear. Some possible causes for the code include low transmission fluid, a defective 4th gear shift solenoid, and transmission failure. A lit check engine light, the inability ...Jul 16, 2013 ... gear ratio errors in 1st, 2nd, 3rd. Did ya check the fluid level/quality?Síntomas del código P0731 Se activa la notificación Check Engine. Hay falta de potencia. La transmisión se desliza. Se presentan cambios defectuosos en la transmisión. Causas del código P0731. Puede que la transmisión esté averiada. El líquido de la transmisión podría estar sucio o su nivel sea poco.Jun 30, 2020 · To diagnose the P0731 Nissan code, it typically requires 1.0 hour of labor. The specific diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops can differ based on factors such as the location, make and model of the vehicle, and even the engine type. It is common for most auto repair shops to charge between $75 and $150 per hour. Jul 1, 2020 · To diagnose the P0731 Dodge code, it typically requires 1.0 hour of labor. The specific diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops can differ based on factors such as the location, make and model of the vehicle, and even the engine type. It is common for most auto repair shops to charge between $75 and $150 per hour. To fix the automobile fault code p0734, start by checking the possible causes mentioned above. Then, visually inspect the wiring harness and connectors for any damage. Look for broken, bent, pushed out, or corroded pins in the connectors. This fix should take approximately 1.0 hour.Millennials and Gen X workers place a higher value than boomers on job benefits versus higher wages, according to a new Atlanta Fed study. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive ...The P0731 code occurs when the PCM detects a discrepancy between the speeds of first gear’s input RPM sensor and transmission output RPM sensor. As a result, the vehicle cannot shift into first gear, and it could indicate that the transmission is slipping. The PCM (Powertrain Control Module), controls … The P0734 code stands for “Gear 4 Incorrect Ratio.”. It’s logged when the PCM detects that the RPM of your input speed sensor doesn’t match the expected RPM in 4th gear. Some possible causes for the code include low transmission fluid, a defective 4th gear shift solenoid, and transmission failure. A lit check engine light, the inability ... codes p0735, p0731, p0734, p0933. Jump to Latest Follow 6K views 1 reply 2 participants last post by Ltngdrvr Mar 29, 2020. C. Cummins_1989 Discussion starter 14 posts · Joined 2019 Add to quote; Only show this user #1 · Mar 29, 2020. Had these codes come up, truck won’t go over 20-25 mph shifts weird, …General Motors announced on Nov. 13 that it’s moving its international operations (paywall) from China, the world’s largest auto market, to the small city-state of Singapore, where...DTC P0731 sets when the calculated first range ratio (steady state) differs from the known first range ratio. ACTION TAKEN WHEN THE DTC SETS: When DTC P0731 is active, the following conditions will occur: 1. The transmission will fail to 2nd or 5th range. 2. If the shift selector is moved to N (Neutral), the transmission will shift to N (Neutral).Labor: 1.0. The cost to diagnose the P0731 Honda code is 1.0 hour of labor. The diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops vary depending on the location, make and model of the vehicle, and even the engine type. Most auto repair shops charge between $75 …Jan 23, 2024 · The code P0731: Gear 1 Incorrect Ratio indicates a problem with the first gear of your vehicle’s transmission, specifically that the gear ratio is incorrect. This could mean there’s a mechanical issue inside the transmission or a problem with the sensors or control module that manages gear shifting. It’s a significant issue because it ... P0731 Code. Idles all day long with no issues, start driving and trans is stuck in 1st or 2nd gear. Will drive in 1st or 2nd forever with no codes thrown, but the second I manually shift to 1st gear a wrench shows up in dash indicating limp mode. This is when I get a P0731, and that is defined as a Gear 1 Incorrect Ratio.BLACKROCK LIFEPATH® DYNAMIC 2030 FUND INSTITUTIONAL SHARES- Performance charts including intraday, historical charts and prices and keydata. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksMar 27, 2016 · P0731 is a code that indicates a problem with the gear ratio in the first gear of the transmission. It can be caused by low transmission fluid level, dirty transmission fluid, oil leak, clutch problems, oil pressure issues, speed sensor problems or corroded connections. The web page provides symptoms, causes and solutions for this code. A look at the value you can get from elite status in the Marriott Bonvoy program as a Silver, Gold, Platinum, Titanium or Ambassador member. Editor’s note: This is a recurring post...P0731 - Gear 1 Incorrect Ratio. Possible causes. - Low transmission fluid level. - Dirty transmission fluid. - Shift solenoids. - Transmission mechanical problems. - Transmission hydraulic control circuit. Tech notes. Start by inspecting the transmission fluid level and condition, and change fluid if necessary. Descripción técnica y decodificación del fallo P0731. Este Código de Diagnóstico de Problemas (DTC) es un código genérico de transmisión. El fallo P0731 se considera un código genérico ya que se aplica a todas las marcas y modelos de vehículos. Aunque los pasos específicos de reparación pueden variar ligeramente según el modelo. P0731 Dodge Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Definition, Causes and Diagnosis2016 Hyundai Elantra Edit. Kelley Blue Book®. Trade-In Value: $5,335. Valid for ZIP Code 98848 as of 03/11/2024. Mileage: 92,541. Forecasts. Recalls. …Code P0731 Description ... If the actual gear position is higher than the position (1st) supposed by TCM, the slip ratio will be more than normal. In case the ... El código de falla P0731 se refiere a un problema en la transmisión de nuestro vehículo. En concreto, indica que hay una marcha 1 - relación incorrecta . Esto significa que la transmisión no está cambiando correctamente de la primera marcha a la siguiente, lo que puede afectar el rendimiento y la eficiencia del vehículo. Los síntomas evidentes de un código P0731 Hyundai pueden ser: Relación incorrecta de la primera marcha; Se enciende la luz de fallo de motor (Check Engine) Cambio de marchas incorrecto; Pérdida de potencia; Causas del código DTC P0731 Hyundai. Pueden existir diversas razones por las que se detecta un código DTC P0731 Hyundai en un ... Falla en la transmisión. Hyundai Elantra 2015 4 puertas 105000 kms. Aceite Código P0731 Pierde fuerza. Le falta fuerza al arrancar y después se queda como en una sola velocidad después de unos minutos, me imagino al calentarse el aceite. La caja es dual, al estar frío funcionan las velocidades de la 1era a la 6ta luego se queda fijo en la 4ta.Jun 14, 2020 · To diagnose the P0731 Mercedes-Benz code, it typically requires 1.0 hour of labor. The specific diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops can differ based on factors such as the location, make and model of the vehicle, and even the engine type. It is common for most auto repair shops to charge between $75 and $150 per hour. Dec 7, 2022 ... P0731 Outback XT 5EAT · 1. Turn the ignition switch to ON. · 2. Turn the air conditioner switch to OFF. · 3. Turn the headlight switch to OFF.P0731 Gear 1 incorrect ratio. I have a 2011 SRT8 challenger, and code P0731 came up after installing a procharger D1 unit, 2020 hellcat throttle body, 3.91 gears and converter, Any ideas on what the issue can be?, right now the car only runs in 2nd and 3rd gear.BMW P0731 Code:Gear 1 Incorrect ratio. As a car owner, it’s important to be aware of any warning signs or diagnostic trouble codes that may appear on your vehicle. One such code that BMW drivers may encounter is the P0731 code, indicating an issue with gear 1 incorrect ratio. While it may be tempting to ignore this issue, it’s …P0731 P0933 P0935 codes. Transmission was in 4WD and I was in the middle of field with snow/mud. Lost power/drive. Truck “jumped” a little as it lost power. Got it home by driving it in reverse. I tried to move it to 4WD LO but it wouldn’t go into LO. I hooked my scanner on it to find the 3 codes that are in the title.The UK just became the first country to legalize making embryos from three people's DNA. The UK Parliament just approved a controversial law to allow the creation of babies from th...Fallas del código por marcas de vehículos. Audi: Los vehículos de la marca Audi pueden presentar el código de falla P0731, el cual indica un problema en el circuito del sensor de velocidad del eje de salida del cambio automático. Para solucionarlo, es necesario revisar y posiblemente reemplazar el sensor de velocidad y realizar una reprogramación de la unidad …68rfe p0731. Jump to Latest Follow 3K views 1 reply 2 participants last post by josh83 Aug 23, 2022. S. Sethra Discussion starter 18 posts · Joined 2016 Add to quote; Only show this user #1 · Jul 20, 2022. Hey guys i have a few issues i need some help with. i have a 2013 ram 3500 with a 68rfe with about 80k miles on it, and it have a valve ...Síntomas del código OBD2 P0731. Los síntomas de un código de avería P0731 pueden ser:. Pérdida de potencia: El vehículo puede experimentar una disminución en su capacidad de aceleración y velocidad máxima. Cambios bruscos: Pueden ocurrir cambios de marcha bruscos o irregulares mientras se conduce. Deslizamiento de la transmisión: La transmisión puede …You may also be interested in codes P0731 to P0735 – Gear Incorrect Ratio. More About the P0730 Code.DTCs P0720, P0722, P0731 and/or P1500 stored in the PCM, and present in an IDS session fileand/or similar (such as a computer scan from Auto Zone, etc.). Refunds without the proper documentation should not be approved. • If an affected vehicle has transmission-related concerns and DTCs P0720, P0722, P0731 and/or P1500Some of the best Windows themes are hidden on your PC. Windows themes offer a unique mix of wallpapers, sounds, and colors to switch between. Many of them come by default, and ther...68rfe P0750/P0868/P0731. About a month ago, my stock 2016 Laramie (68rfe) threw a P0750 (60k miles). I got it to the dealer and it took them a week to swap the shift solenoid. I guess they had …2. Transmission flush. IneptMechanic. 04-09-2007. 2015 - 2020 F150 - Transmission service, would not move P0731 - I recently bought 2015 King Ranch Fx4. 72,000 miles I decided to drop transmission pan and change filter. I went to O’Reilly and bought the filter and 5 quarts of merc LV. Dropped pan laying on the …Dec 5, 2011 ... Hmm it is probably the Transmission Fluid not being warm enough for the strain you put onto the gears in the Transmission. Could have caused a ...Der P0731-Code wird oft fälschlicherweise als Motorfehlzündung oder als Problem mit dem Antriebsstrang des Fahrzeugs diagnostiziert. Wenn das System nicht gründlich untersucht und diagnostiziert wird, kann es auch wie ein internes Übertragungsproblem aussehen, wenn es tatsächlich ein viel einfacheres und …Ford P0731 OBD-II Trouble Code Definition: P0731 Gear 1 Incorrect Ratio P0731 Ford OBD-II Trouble CodeDescription: OBD Trouble Code P0731 Gear 1 Incorrect Ratio What does the code mean? OBD-ii Code P0731 definition: This diagnosis monitors actual gear position by checking the torque converter slip ratio calculated by Transmission Control Module (TCM) as follows: …Jan 6, 2016 · If the DTC Event Data shows fault P0731 was set in the Park, Reverse, or Neutral, replace the Powertrain Control Module. If the DTC Event Data shows fault P0731 set with input RPM = zero, check input speed sensor and related wiring. If the DTC Event Data shows fault P0731 set with line pressure significantly below Desired Line Pressure, check ... Jun 14, 2020 · To diagnose the P0731 Volkswagen code, it typically requires 1.0 hour of labor. The specific diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops can differ based on factors such as the location, make and model of the vehicle, and even the engine type. It is common for most auto repair shops to charge between $75 and $150 per hour. 68rfe P0731 P0732. As I was leaving the house this morning my truck seemed to be slow to engage reverse and was shifting funny in all forward gears. The next time I went from park it stayed in 1st and would not shift. I was able to read the codes which were P0731-P0732. From what I have read on hear that's a speed …Jul 20, 2019 · Grasping at straws here...throwing code P0731 which appears to be the bastion of doom. That said, thought I'd at least throw it out there after reading thru other threads. I am only running 33's G2's on my `09 JKU, no gear change. Jeep has been "searching" for gears for about a year, but basically attributed it to all the things done a once ... 2018 Ford Explorer Edit. Recalls. Near Quincy, WA. 98848. Good News: Your Car Has No Safety Recalls. No Data Available for This Vehicle. Sometimes this …Shein‘s quiet rise has reached a crescendo as the fast fashion e-commerce app takes the crown from Amazon as the No.1 app in the shopping categories of iOS and Android in the Unite...Here is the info on the code. P0732 DescriptionThis diagnosis monitors actual gear position by checking the torque converter slip ratio calculated by Transmission Control Module (TCM) as follows: Torque converter slip ratio = A x C/B. A: Output shaft revolution signal from revolution sensor. B: Engine speed signal from Engine Control Module (ECM)OBD2 Code P0731 Hyundai definition: This diagnosis monitors actual gear position by checking the torque converter slip ratio calculated by Transmission Control Module (TCM) as follows: Torque converter slip ratio = A x C/B A: Output shaft revolution signal from revolution sensor B: Engine speed signal from Engine Control Module (ECM) C: Gear ...Auto Transmission went out on a daily driver 2007 JKU Sahara with 200,000 km. Stock vehicle, not even a lift (won’t fit in parking garage). No hardcore rock climbing, mudding etc.P0741 code definition. Torque Converter Clutch Circuit Performance or Stuck Off. What the P0741 code means. The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) will set the P0741 diagnostic trouble code when it notices a difference between the rotational speed of the torque converter and the transmission input shaft that is greater than 200 revolutions per …The UK just became the first country to legalize making embryos from three people's DNA. The UK Parliament just approved a controversial law to allow the creation of babies from th...Credit Suisse downgraded its rating of Lightspeed Commerce (NYSE:LSPD) to Neutral with a price target of $18.00, changing its price target from $2... Credit Suisse downgraded its r... Ford P0731 OBD-II Trouble Code Definition: P0731 Gear 1 Incorrect Ratio P0731 Ford OBD-II Trouble CodeDescription: OBD Trouble Code P0731 Gear 1 Incorrect Ratio What does the code mean? OBD-ii Code P0731 definition: This diagnosis monitors actual gear position by checking the torque converter slip ratio calculated by Transmission Control Module (TCM) as follows: Torque converter Jun 30, 2020 · To diagnose the P0731 Nissan code, it typically requires 1.0 hour of labor. The specific diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops can differ based on factors such as the location, make and model of the vehicle, and even the engine type. It is common for most auto repair shops to charge between $75 and $150 per hour. To diagnose the P0731 Nissan code, it typically requires 1.0 hour of labor. The specific diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops can differ based on factors such as the location, make and model of the vehicle, and even the engine type. It is common for most auto repair shops to charge between $75 and $150 per hour.2016 Hyundai Elantra Edit. Kelley Blue Book®. Trade-In Value: $5,335. Valid for ZIP Code 98848 as of 03/11/2024. Mileage: 92,541. Forecasts. Recalls. …Baby shower games are great ways to celebrate a growing family. Check out 10 traditional baby shower games at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement A new baby is on the way. What better way...Fault code P0731 is called “Gear 1 Incorrect Ratio” but in different programs it may be called differently. This fault designation applies to all vehicles equipped with OBD-II. Technical description and explained code P0731. This diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is a generic transmission code.DTCs P0720, P0722, P0731 and/or P1500 stored in the PCM, and present in an IDS session fileand/or similar (such as a computer scan from Auto Zone, etc.). Refunds without the proper documentation should not be approved. • If an affected vehicle has transmission-related concerns and DTCs P0720, P0722, P0731 and/or P15001) Once in a particular gear, if the gear ratio varies from the correct gear ratio, the corresponding in-gear trouble code is set (DTCs P0731-36 and P1736). 2) An excessive change in input or output speeds indicating signal intermittent may result in the DTCs P0716 and/or P0721 being set. 3) If the common speed sensor ground circuit is …When starting to drive in D, first gear is selected by the TCM pressurizing the UD (underdrive) and L/R (low/reverse) clutches. But the L/R clutch is only pressurized until the output sensor senses 150 rpm,Pueden ser varias las razones detrás de la detección de un código DTC P0731 Chrysler en un vehículo. Puede haber varias causas, como: Nivel bajo de fluido de transmisión: Un nivel bajo de fluido de transmisión puede causar problemas en el funcionamiento de la transmisión. Fluidos de transmisión sucios: Los fluidos de transmisión sucios ...trouble code P0731 (1st gear problem) PT's 2nd gen threw up a check engine light recently. I took his car to autozone to get the code scanned and came up with P0731. The fsm says. Improper shifting to 1st gear position. A/T 1st signal. A/T cannot be shifted to the 1st gear position even if electrical circuit is good.To accelerate its mission to "automate electronics design," Celus today announced it has raised €25 million ($25.6 million) in a Series A round of funding. Just about every electro...Learn what the P0731 Chrysler code means, how to fix it, and what causes it. The code detects a gear ratio error in the first gear of the transmission and requires …Code P0731 Mercedes-Benz Description. This diagnosis monitors actual gear position by checking the torque converter slip ratio calculated by Transmission Control Module (TCM) as follows: Torque converter slip ratio = A x C/B. A: Output shaft revolution signal from revolution sensor. B: Engine speed signal from Engine Control Module ( ECM)

Para solventar las fallas del código DTC P0731 OBDII haz los siguiente: Compueba el nivel del líquido de la transmisión y el estado del mismo. Verifica que el circuito del solenoide de control de cambio funcione correctamente. Revisa la presión de aceite. Luego, consulta con el manual de servicio para saber las especificaciones de presión .... Qc net

p0731

This article applies to the Ford F-150 (2004-2014) and the F-250, F-350 Super Duty (2005-2014). The transmission fault light will probably not be a surprise when it shows up. It means that your F-150 or Super Duty's computer has discovered a malfunction in the transmission. Slipping gears, harsh shifts and other symptoms will probably be ...Dec 13, 2021 · P0731 - Rapporto marcia 1 errato. P0731 - Gear 1 Incorrect Ratio. Questo codice di errore diagnostico (DTC) è un codice powertrain OBD-II generico. È considerato generico perché si applica a tutte le marche e modelli di veicoli (dal 1996 in poi), sebbene i passaggi di riparazione specifici possano variare a seconda del modello. pretty sure 2010 3.5L was mated to a 4 speed (42RLE) transmission. if so, P0731 along with P1790 indicates an internal transmission issue (hydraulic or mechanical) which would require disassembly to diagnose. The transmission system uses two speed sensors, one to measure input rpm and one to measure output rpm.Nov 25, 2013 ... Yes, the output sensor is a common fix for your problem. The output sensor is used for shift scheduling and as the reference speed signal the ...Jun 23, 2023 · The code P0731 is a diagnostic trouble code that indicates an issue with the automatic transmission control system. Specifically, it indicates that the transmission is not shifting into the first gear properly. This can cause a range of problems, including reduced fuel efficiency, poor acceleration, and even damage to the transmission. The UK just became the first country to legalize making embryos from three people's DNA. The UK Parliament just approved a controversial law to allow the creation of babies from th...Los síntomas evidentes de un código P0731 Hyundai pueden ser: Relación incorrecta de la primera marcha; Se enciende la luz de fallo de motor (Check Engine) Cambio de marchas incorrecto; Pérdida de potencia; Causas del código DTC P0731 Hyundai. Pueden existir diversas razones por las que se detecta un código DTC P0731 Hyundai en un ...Jan 30, 2016 · 2012 68RFE only has reverse P0731. good morning everyone. My trans finally decided to go out on me. I've been running a 140hp tune with the egr unplugged and factory downpipe in place for about 35,000 miles. I just did the full delete and added a pusher intake 5,000 miles ago. Truck has 60k total on it now. The P0731 Ford code means that the transmission is in first gear and the ECM detected an incorrect gear ratio. This diagnosis monitors actual gear position by …6 posts · Joined 2019. #1 · Jul 20, 2019. Grasping at straws here...throwing code P0731 which appears to be the bastion of doom. That said, thought I'd at least throw it out there after reading thru other threads. I am only running 33's G2's on my `09 JKU, no gear change. Jeep has been "searching" for gears for about a year, but basically ...Code P0731 BMW Description. This diagnosis monitors actual gear position by checking the torque converter slip ratio calculated by Transmission Control Module (TCM) as follows: Torque converter slip ratio = A x C/B. A: Output shaft revolution signal from revolution sensor. B: Engine speed signal from Engine Control Module ( ECM).

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